Among these 38 systems, the ABO and Rh are the most widely used. The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) recognizes 38 human blood group systems. Depending on these factors, the blood type can be A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+ or AB. Besides this, the presence or absence of the Rh factor, a protein, determines if your blood group would be negative or positive. The presence of antigens A&B on the surface of RBCs decides the four main blood groups. The blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in plasma – a liquid in the blood. The antigen helps trigger the immune system if any foreign body enters the bloodstream and produces antibodies to fight it. How is the Blood type determined?īlood groups are determined by the presence and absence of antigens in the blood. However, about 7% of people have an O-negative blood type, and about 37% of the population has an O-positive blood type, making it a common blood group. The blood group type O (positive and negative) is in high demand due to its need during emergencies. A person with blood group O+ (positive cells) cannot give blood to an Rh-negative individual. So, they can donate blood to any other blood group. It is because their red blood cells do not carry antigens. ![]() More About a Universal Blood DonorĪlthough people with an O blood type are commonly known as universal blood donors, people with O- (negative) blood type are the true universal donors. This blood group barely causes any reactions to the recipient and is called a universal donor blood group. In such cases, a person with group O, specifically O negative, can donate blood to the patient. ![]() In some emergencies, donors with the same blood group as the patient may not be available. A universal donor is a person who can donate blood to any recipient of any blood group.
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